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Hard disk interface: Hard disk interface can be divided into IDE interface and SATA interface. On older motherboards, two IDE ports are integrated. Generally, the IDE ports are located below the PCI slot, and are vertical to the memory slot in space (there are also horizontal ones). On the new motherboard, IDE interfaces are mostly reduced or even not, replaced by SATA interfaces.

Floppy Drive Interface: Connecting floppy drives, mostly located next to IDE interface, is slightly shorter than IDE interface, because it is 34 pins, so the data line is slightly narrower.

COM interface (serial port): At present, most motherboards provide two COM interfaces, COM1 and COM2, which are used to connect serial mouse and external modem. COM1 interface I/O address is 03F8h-03FFh, interrupt number is IRQ4; COM2 interface I/O address is 02F8h-02FFh, interrupt number is IRQ3. This shows that the COM2 interface has priority over the response of COM1 interface, and it is difficult to find products based on this interface in the market.

PS/2 interface: PS/2 interface has a single function and can only be used to connect keyboard and mouse. Generally speaking, the mouse interface is green and the keyboard interface is purple. PS/2 interface has a slightly faster transmission rate than COM interface, but after so many years of use, although most motherboards are still equipped with this interface, there are fewer and fewer mouse and keyboard to support this interface. Most peripheral manufacturers no longer introduce peripheral products based on this interface, more are peripheral products based on USB interface, but it is worth mentioning that, because of this interface, it is worth mentioning. It is widely used, so many users prefer to plug into PS/2 through PS/2-USB adapter even when using USB. The life of each generation of products with keyboard and mouse is very long, so the interface is still very efficient, but in the near future, the possibility of being completely replaced by USB interface is very high.

USB interface: USB interface is now the most popular interface, which can support 127 peripherals, and can be powered independently. It is widely used. USB interface can get 500 mA current from the motherboard, support hot plug-and-play, and truly achieve plug-and-play. A USB interface can support both high-speed and low-speed USB peripheral access. It is connected by a four-core cable, two of which are positive and negative power supply, and the other two are data transmission lines. The transmission rate of high-speed peripherals is 12 Mbps and that of low-speed peripherals is 1.5 Mbps. In addition, the maximum transmission rate of USB 2.0 standard can reach 480 Mbps. USB 3.0 has begun to appear in the latest motherboard and will soon be promoted.

LPT interface (parallel port): usually used to connect printers or scanners. The default interrupt number is IRQ7, which uses a 25-foot DB-25 connector. There are three main working modes of parallel port: 1. SPP standard working mode. SPP data is half-duplex one-way transmission, the transmission rate is slow, only 15Kbps, but it is widely used, generally set as the default mode of work. 2. EPP enhanced working mode. EPP uses bidirectional half-duplex data transmission, its transmission rate is much higher than SPP, up to 2Mbps. At present, many peripherals have used this mode of work. 3. Extended ECP working mode. ECP uses bidirectional full duplex data transmission, the transmission rate is higher than that of EPP, but it does not support many devices. Nowadays, there are few printers and scanners using LPT interface, mostly printers and scanners using USB interface.

MIDI interface: The MIDI interface and the joystick interface of the sound card are common. Two pins in the interface are used to transmit MIDI signals and can connect various MIDI devices, such as electronic keyboards, etc. It is difficult to find products based on this interface in the market.

SATA Interface: The full name of SATA is Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment), which is a serial hardware driver interface based on industry standard. It is a hard disk interface specification proposed by Intel, IBM, Dell, APT, Maxtor and Seagate. At IDF Fall 2001, Seagate announced Serial ATA 1.0 standard and formally declared the establishment of SATA specification. 。 The SATA specification raises the theoretical value of external transmission rate of hard disk to 150 MB/s, 50% higher than PATA standard ATA/100, and about 13% higher than ATA/133. With the development of future versions, the SATA interface speed can also be extended to 2X and 4X (300MB/s and 600MB/s). From the perspective of its development plan, SATA in the future will also increase the interface transmission rate by increasing the clock frequency, so that the hard disk can also be overclocked.